Solvent --> water for MOST EXAMPLES though some experiments have explicitly stated measuring stuff is given as basic knowledge # solvation --> the art of dissolving sugar dissolves --> water molecules bump into the solute, imparting an electrostatic force on the solute molecules, surrounding them and creating solvent rings (around the solute particle) and leads to movement of molecules (though a covalent compound stays intact) --> water is **polar**, where hydrogens have a positive + charge and oxygens have a negative - charge. this means that they exert an electrostatic force on the ions in an ionic compound, allowing it to tear things apart better! >[!Example]- Dissolving Sucrose $C_{11}H_{22}O_{11}$ >In this example, water molecules which bump into the sugar crystal lead to loose molecules. Since water is polar, the sucrose molecule begins to attract other water molecules, eventually forming a "ring" of solvent around the molecule as it moves randomly according to Brownian Motion >[!Example]- Dissolving NaCL >This is an ionic compound, meaning that water molecules break the ionic lattice down into its respective ions, $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$. A solvent ring forms, much like the covalent compound. >Given that these individual ions have charges we now need to determine which way the water molecules face. For the sodium ion, the oxygen atom in the water molecules will be closest to the ion, given its negative charge. This configuration is stable. # Recrystallisation